Performance of Young Cacao Plants at Various Elevatios Levels
Keragaan Tanaman Kakao Muda Asal Sambung Pucuk Pada Berbagai Tingkat Elevasi
Keywords:
Cocoa, Cocoa crown, Vegetative propagation
Abstract
Top grafting cocoa from vegetative propagation that has been adopted by cocoa farmers in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to identify the performance of young cocoa plants from top grafting at altitudes <300 m asl, 300-600 m asl and >600 m asl. A total of 27 plant samples were taken randomly at 3 heights in South Sulawesi. The results showed that plant height, stem circumference, crown circumference, number of primary crown at an altitude of <300 meters above sea level were not significantly different from plants at an altitude of 300-600 meters above sea level and at an altitude of >600 meters above sea level, but the stem height Primary and number of young cocoa leaves from top grafts at an altitude of <300 meters above sea level are significantly different from plants located at an altitude of 300-600 m asl and an altitude of >600 m asl.
References
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Yuliasmara F, Prawoto A, Adi WA. 2009. Carbon stock in different ages and plantation system of cocoa: allometric approach. Pelita Perkeb. 25(2): 86-100.
Yusuf M, Sulistyawati E, Suhaya Y. 2014. Distribusi biomassa di atas dan bawah permukaan dari surian (Toona Sinensis Roem.). J Matematika & Sains. 19(2): 69-75. Know the types of cocoa, Forastero, Criollo, Trinitario (uq.edu.au)
Cornelissen JHC, Lavorel S, Garnier E, Díaz S, Buchmann N, Gurvich DE. 2003. A handbook of protocols for standardised and easy measurement of plant functional traits worldwide. Austr J Bot. 51:335-380. doi.org/10.1071/BT02124
Cotta MK, Jacovine LAG, de Paiva HN, Soares CPB, Filho ACV, Valverde SR. 2008. Biomass quantification and emission reduction certificates for rubber-cocoa intercropping. R Árvore Viçosa-MG. 32(6): 969-978.
De Swart EAM, Groenwold R, Kanne HJ, Stam P, Marcelis LFM, Voorrips RE. 2004. Non-destructive estimation of leaf area for different plant ages and accessions of Capsicum annuum L. J Hort Sci Biotech. 79: 764–770. Doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2004.115118
[Ditjenbun] Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan. 2016. Statistik Perkebunan Kakao Indonesia 2014-2016. Subiyantoro ME, Arianto Y, editor. Jakarta (ID): Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan.
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. 1984. Cocoa . Côte d'Ivoire (CI): FAO and Institut Africain pour le développement économique et social.
[ICCO] International Cocoa Organization. 2000. Propagation of cocoa tree. [Internet]. [diunduh 2020 Januari 20]. Tersedia pada https://www.icco.org/faq/48-biotechnology/112-propagation-of-cocoa-trees.html
[ICCO] International Cocoa Organization. 2019. Quarterly bulletin of cocoa statistics vol. XLV, no.3. [Internet]. [diunduh 2020 Januari 20]. Tersedia pada https://www.icco.org /Production_QBCS%20XLV%20No.%203.pdf
[IPCC] Intergoverment Panel on Climat Chane. 2006. PIPCC Guidelines for National Green House Gas Inventories. Japan (JP): IGES Pr.
Kofidis G, Bosabalidis AM, MoustakasM. 2007. Combined effects of altitude and season on leaf characteristics of Clinopodium vulgare L. (Labiatae).Environ Exp Bot. 60: 69-76.
Lodhiyal N, Lodhiyal LS. 2003. Biomass and net primary productivity of Bhabar Shisham forests in central Himalaya, India. For Ecol Manage. 176: 217-235.
Martin JG, Kloeppel BD, Schaefer TL, Kimbler DL, McNutly SG. 1998. Aboveground biomassand nitrogen allocation of ten deciduous Southern Appalachian tree species. J For Res. 28: 1648-1659.
Mattjik AA, Sumertajaya IM. 2013. Perancangan Percobaan dengan Aplikasi SAS dan Minitab Jilid I. Bogor (ID): IPB Press.
Ogawa H, Kira T. 1977. Methods of Estimating Forest Biomass in Primary productivity of Japanese Forests: Productivity of Terrestrial Communities. Shidei T, Kira T, ed. Tokyo (JP): Japanese Committee for the International Biological Program, University of Tokyo Press.
Parresol BR. 1999. Assessing tree and stand biomass: a review with examples and critical comparisons. For Sci. 45(4): 573-593.
Pranowo D, Wardiana E. 2016. Kompatibilitas lima klon unggul kakao sebagai batang atas dengan batang bawah progeni Half-Sib klon Sulawesi 01. JTIDP. 3(1): 29–36.
Purwanto RH, Rohman, Maryudi A, Yuwono T, Permadi DB, Sanjaya M. 2012. Potensi biomasa dan simpanan karbon jenis-jenis tanaman berkayu di hutan rakyat Desa Nglanggeran, Gunung kidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. J Ilmu Kehut. 6(2): 129-141.
Raty M, Kankare V, Xiaowei Y, Holopainen M, Kantola T, Hyyppa J, Viitala R. 2011. Tree biomass estimation using ALS features. Silvi Laser, 16-20.
Sembiring RK. 1995. Analisis Regresi. Bandung (ID): ITB Press.
Sodré GA, Gomes ARS. 2019. Cocoa propagation, technologies for production of seedlings. Rev Bras Frutic Jaboticabal. 41(2): 1-22. doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452019782
Somarriba E, Sampson AE. 2018. Coffee and Cocoa Agroforestry Systems: Pathways to Deforestation, Reforestation, and Tree Cover Change. Washington DC (US): International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.
Stephenson NL, Das AJ, Condit R, Russo SE, Baker PJ, Beckman NG. 2014. Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size. Nature. 507(7490):90-93. doi.org/0.1038/nature12914
Sutaryo D. 2009. Penghitungan Biomassa Sebuah pengantar untuk studi karbon dan perdagangan karbon. Bogor (ID) : Wetlands International Indonesia Programme.
Tackenberg O. 2007. A new method for non-destructive measurement of biomass, growth rates, vertical biomass distribution and dry matter content based on digital image analysis. Ann Bot. 99(4): 777–783. doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm009
Wood GAR, Lass RA. 1985. Cocoa 4thEdition.London (UK): Longman Group Ltd.
Yuliasmara F, Prawoto A, Adi WA. 2009. Carbon stock in different ages and plantation system of cocoa: allometric approach. Pelita Perkeb. 25(2): 86-100.
Yusuf M, Sulistyawati E, Suhaya Y. 2014. Distribusi biomassa di atas dan bawah permukaan dari surian (Toona Sinensis Roem.). J Matematika & Sains. 19(2): 69-75. Know the types of cocoa, Forastero, Criollo, Trinitario (uq.edu.au)
Published
2024-06-24
Section
Articles
