Prototype Automatic Water Pump Control System Using Ultrasonic Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring

Abstract

A prototype of an automatic water pump controller based on the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor has been developed for real-time monitoring and control of water volume and level. This system is designed for application on standard water pumps or those enhanced with additional technologies. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor measures distance and water levels, with data processed by an Arduino Uno microcontroller and displayed on an I2C LCD. The system includes a relay module for automatic pump control, preventing overfilling when the water level reaches a predefined threshold. From the five tests conducted on the device. Results indicated water levels ranged from 9.10 cm to 9.33 cm, with volumes between 575.63 cm³ and 594.56 cm³. Measurement error rates ranged from 2.00% to 6.60%, which remain within acceptable limits for a prototype. The system consistently refilled water within an average duration of 34–42 seconds, automatically stopping the pump at the specified level. This simple prototype offers an energy-efficient and effective solution for water management and has the potential for further development on a larger scale. With added features such as integration with remote monitoring systems, this device has significant potential for diverse applications.