Cargo Amount Differences: A Cargo Loading Problem at Durban South Africa and Sheet Harbour Canada
Keywords:
Durban, Sheet harbour, Stowage factor, WoodchipsAbstract
MV Ultra Cory, operated by Ultrabulk, experienced variations in the amount of woodchips loaded at two locations: Durban (South Africa) and Sheet Harbour (Canada). Although the vessel's cargo volume and type remained constant, differences in total cargo weight occurred, likely due to variations in site conditions, temperature, and weather. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to these discrepancies and propose solutions to ensure maritime safety and efficiency. Qualitative methods were employed, including observations, interviews, and documentation analysis during sea practice. The study focused on environmental factors, loading methods, and weather conditions. Validity was ensured through data triangulation, while Fishbone analysis identified potential causes, such as human, material, method, measurement, and environmental factors. The findings revealed that the hot, dry climate in Durban results in lower moisture content in woodchips, while the cold, humid conditions in Sheet Harbour lead to increased moisture absorption, raising the cargo weight without significant volume changes. This discrepancy highlights the need for improved cargo handling practices. To address the issue, strategies such as adjusting stowage factors based on moisture content, implementing faster hatch closures, conducting periodic draft surveys, and enhancing coordination with ports are recommended. These measures will minimize cargo weight differences, ensuring better operational efficiency and maintaining maritime safety standards.
References
Burhani, A. (2018, March 17). Penanganan muatan kapal. https://alvinburhani.wordpress.com/2018/03/17/penanganan-muatan-kapal/. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
Bolgov, O. (2023). Planning the cargo operations of a bulk carrier with continuous maintaining its seaworthiness. Розвиток методів управління та господарювання на транспорті, 2(83), 61-67.
Chandrasekaran, S. R., Hopke, P. K., Rector, L., Allen, G., & Lin, L. (2012). Chemical composition of wood chips and wood pellets. Energy & Fuels, 26(8), 4932-4937.
Chriscolf, Z. (2019). Upaya meningkatkan pengapalan batu bara oleh PT. Berau Coal melalui pengendalian broken stowage di Muara Pantai, Berau (Doctoral dissertation, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pelayaran Jakarta).
Stopford, M. (2009). Maritime economics (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Dikin, A. (2014). Standar teknis perlakuan karantina dengan alfa sipermetrin terhadap wood chips. Pusat Karantina Tumbuhan dan Keamanan Hayati Nabati, Badan Karantina Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian.
Elyzarti, N. (2018). Analisis Tari Lungun Koba di Sanggar Rumah Seni Balai Proco Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Provinsi Riau (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Riau).
Febryan, H. (2019). Identifikasi upaya full and down untuk mengatasi ketidaksesuaian pemuatan curah batu bara di Kapal MV Sri Wandari Indah (Doctoral dissertation, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang).
Isbester, J. (2015). Bulk carrier practice. The Nautical Institute.
Khasanah, U. (2020). Pengantar mikroteaching. CV Budi Utama.
Lesmini, L., Anggraini, A., & Rifni, M. (2019). Perencanaan dan penyusunan muatan pada kapal landing craft tank (LCT). Jurnal Logistik Indonesia, 3(1), 10-28.
Maskur, Z., & Nugroho, A. (2021, March). Analisa karakteristik biomasa untuk cofiring pada pembangkit batubara di Indonesia. Prosiding SENASTITAN: Seminar Nasional Teknologi Industri Berkelanjutan, 1(1), 394-402.
Nurudin, F., & Hasanudin, H. (2020). Desain kapal bulk carrier guna pemenuhan kebutuhan batubara PLTU Sudimoro Pacitan. Jurnal Teknik ITS, 9(1), G1-G8.
Pambudi, C. S. (2003). Strategi mengurangi timbulnya broken stowage di KM Caraka Jaya Niaga III-15. Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang.
Prakoso, D. (2018). Analisis pengaruh tekanan udara, kelembaban udara, dan suhu udara terhadap tingkat curah hujan di Kota Semarang. Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Pratiwi, A. C., & Putri, I. A. J. (2024). Analisis strategi bersaing dalam meningkatkan market share curah cair di Terminal Nilam. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(4), 11216-11233.
Pustiulha, S., Samchuk, V., Prydiuk, V., Pasichnyk, O., & Shymchuk, O. (2024). Improving safety criteria for transporting hazardous goods by road through optimizing the geometric parameters of their stowage. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, (3).
Tjatji, M. P. (2007). Woodchips as carbon and energy source for denitrification (Doctoral dissertation, Tshwane University of Technology).
Rachmawati, I. N. (2017). Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian kualitatif: Wawancara. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 11(1), 35-40.
Rahardjo, M. (2010). Triangulasi dalam penelitian kualitatif. Universitas Islam Negeri Malang.
Rahmawati, A. K. (2024). Pengaruh pengawasan personel apron movement control terhadap kedisiplinan petugas ground support equipment di apron Charlie Bandara Internasional Juanda Surabaya (Doctoral dissertation, Politeknik Penerbangan Palembang).
Rikardo, D., Saleh, S., & Bulqiest, C. (2021). Optimalisasi pengawasan crew terhadap proses bongkar muat pada kapal tanker MT Gamkonora. Journal Marine Inside, 38-43.
Riyanto, N. S., Yudo, H., & Trimulyono, A. (2020). Analisa kekuatan deck akibat perubahan muatan pada tongkang TK Nelly-34. Jurnal Teknik Perkapalan, 8(3), 454-460.
Slameto. (2016). The application of fishbone diagram analysis to improve school quality. Dinamika Ilmu, 16(1), 63.
Stekom. (n.d.). Bagaimana mengatasi cuaca panas yang mencekam. Retrieved from https://stekom.ac.id/artikel/bagaimana-mengatasi-cuaca-panas-yang-mencekam. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Sumardi. (2023). Operational performance model of container cranes in stevedoring process at the new container terminal Makassar 2. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development.
Suranto, Y. (2012). Penerapan formulasi skedul suhu dan kelembaban menurut Terazawa pada pengeringan kayu meranti merah bersortimen raamhaut. Seminar Nasional Mapeki XV, 171-179.
Tunçel, A. L., Erdem, P., & Turan, O. (2023). Estimation of human errors during cargo unloading operations on bulk carriers using SLIM and interval type 2 fuzzy sets. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 11(3), 198-208.
Waruwu, M. (2023). Pendekatan penelitian pendidikan: Metode penelitian kualitatif, metode penelitian kuantitatif dan metode penelitian kombinasi (Mixed Method). Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 2896-2910.
Widyaningsih, U., & Lestari, J. N. (2019). Pelaksanaan dinas jaga pada saat operasi bongkar muatan di Kapal MT. Transko Arafura pada Pelabuhan Gunung Sitoli. Jurnal 7 Samudra, 4(1).
